The problem of iodine deficiency in Belarus remains topical due to the historical understanding of iodine deficiency
in the environment and the negative impact of iodine deficiency on health. The article reflects the historical facts in the fight against iodine deficiency. A strategy for elimination of the iodine deficiency among the population has been developed and implemented in the Republic of Belarus. Currently, an adequate iodine consumption has been achieved. The prevalence of thyroid gland diseases caused by iodine deficiency has decreased significantly.