Objective. To characterize the epidemic situation on the territory of Belarus during the Polish-Soviet war (1919—1920).

Materials and methods. Documentary sources from Belarus and foreign archives that were analyzed using general scientific and special historical methods of research.

Results. The main factor for the epidemics development during the Polish-Soviet war was the destruction of the healthcare system and the influx of refugees who were carriers of infections. The infections localization became possible only through developing new anti-epidemic measures and the civil health authorities cooperating with the military units on the territory of Belarus. The authors identified the main measures to combat epidemics as well as their consequences for the development of healthcare system in Belarus.

Conclusion. On the territory of the Soviet Belarus, the epidemic consequences were overcome in the mid-1920s, however in the Western Belarus subordinate to Poland the dangerous epidemic situation persisted even after the decade since the ending of the Polish-Soviet war.