Hypoparathyroidism (HPT) is a rare etiologically heterogeneous disease developing as a result of the parathyroid hormone deficiency. Clinical manifestations of the disease are consequences of hypocalcemia and hyperphosphataemia and are accompanied, along with characteristic manifestations of an increased neuromuscular excitability and the contraction syndrome development, by the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, central nervous system abnormalities. The criteria for HPT diagnosing and current treatment recommendations based on calcium and active metabolites of vitamin D supplementation and aimed at maintaining the normal calcemia and normal calciuria are considered. The hormone replacement therapy possibilities using preparations of the recombinant human parathyroid hormone are analyzed.