Objective. To investigate the effect of renal failure on the cellular blood composition.

Materials and methods. 30 people of the control group (healthy donors) and 28 people of the study group (patients with chronic renal failure (CRF): men at 36-60 years old, women at 36-55 years old) were examined by flow cytometry. Data processing and statistical analysis was performed using the R version 4.0.5 (2021-03-31) application package.

Results. Revealed: a statistically significant higher percentage of myeloid dendritic cells (DC1) in male patients with CRF compared with women of the same group; a reduced number of lymphoid dendritic cells (DC2) and NK cells, as well as an increase in the total pool of T-lymphocytes (CD3) in patients with CRF compared with persons in the control group; elimination of the inverse correlation relationship between NK cells and dendritic cells, which is specific for individuals in the control group, and the acquisition of an inverse correlation relationship between the number of NK cells and T-helpers.

Conclusion. CRF leads to segregation of males and females in terms of DC1 percentage, which may be one of the reasons for the better results of kidney transplantation in women.

CRF reduces the number of NK cells and changes the correlation interaction in the population of immune cells of patients compared with healthy individuals, replacing the inverse correlation dependence of NK cells with the ratio of dendritic cells to a similar one with T-helpers.