The results of studying safety, tolerability and clinical effectiveness of cellular therapy of osteoarthritis of large support joints are presented in comparison with the routine injection therapy with hyaluronic acid preparations. It has been shown that application of a biomedical cell product based on cultivated autologous mesenchymal stem cells of adipose tissue not only improves the standard treatment results but effectively stops progressing of pathological changes in the cartilage tissue by modifying the osteoarthritis course.