Today several biological risk factors determining the suicidal behavior and self-injuries are known. Differences concern varieties in the key neurotransmittant systems (serotoninergic, polyamine stress reaction, glutamatergic and GABAergic systems), inflammatory reaction, astroglial dysfunction, factor of neuron plasticity confirming the need to differentiate between the subjects motivated to suicide and those inclined to get self-injured. Behavior of subjects inclined to get self-injured but not to suicide (NSSI) is a repeated action to injure the body deliberately but not targeting at suicide the action being socially unacceptable. The integral theoretic model of the NSSI development and support presupposes that this type of behavior functions as a method of the emotional experience regulation and of social interaction in case of a stress event. Today the NSSI is included in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition), Part 3 and is referred to the states needing more studying. In the USA diagnostic and statistical guide on psychic disorders, the 4th edition (DSM-IV-TR) and the International Disease Classification, the tenth edition (MCD-10), the NSSI is coded as the symptom of the borderline personality disorder.