Nocturia is a necessity of awakening one or more times during the night in order to urinate. The statistics of nocturia occurrence among men and women are given. The causes of its occurrence are analyzed, they are general polyuria, nicturia, the bladder volume reduction at night or their combination as well as Parkinson’s disease, cardiopulmonary diseases, multiple sclerosis, senile dementia. Various treatment methods are analyzed taking into account the disease etiology including for benign prostatic hyperplasia and hyperactive bladder. It is emphasized that nocturia should be diagnosed by urologists in cooperation with endocrinologists, cardiologists, neurologists and treatment should be comprehensive depending on the results of the examination.