Objective. A comprehensive examination of the ultrasonography-structural and immunohistochemical features of the endometrium in uterine infertility in patients with endometrial hypoplasia.

Materials and methods. On the 20-22 day of the menstrual cycle 3D ultrasonography and immunohistochemical examinations were carried out for 75 patients with endometrial hypoplasia suffering from uterine infertility, and 23 somatically healthy fertile women.

Results. In endometrial hypoplasia heterogeneity of the endometrial structure (c2 = 21.47; р <0.001), lack of lamination (c2 = 36.23; р < 0.001) and the increased rigidity of endometrium are registered more common than in healthy women (c2 = 14.05; p < 0.001). According to a quantitative dissection, an increase in the cell density of endometrial stroma was revealed: 4.5 (3.85; 6.3) versus 3.9 (3.17; 4,3); p = 0.014. In contrast to control, there is a statistically significant increase in expression of the a receptor to estrogens and the gene NOХA10 both in the stroma and in the uterine glands, and a decrease in the expression of integrin anb3, leukemia inhibitory factor and marker of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells SUSD2 in the uterine glands and endometrial stroma.

Conclusion. The identified features of endometrial ultrasonography-structure and immunohistochemical expression of biomolecular markers can be used to assess endometrial receptivity in uterine infertility in patients with endometrial hypoplasia.