Compliance is essential for keeping patients treatment effective and safe. Poor compliance represents a hard barrier to management of cardiovascular diseases. Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and continuous oral anticoagulation administration is required for a vast majority of patients to prevent stroke and other thromboembolic complications. A compliance problem is reviewed in the current paper. Risk factors of non-compliance among patients with atrial fibrillation are discussed particular focus made on oral anticoagulation.