The authors’ own data has been analyzed and the results are presented with a review of literature on mammographic screening that can be used as a method for early detection of breast cancer. The possibility of screening in Belarus aiming at development of an algorithm for diagnosing diseases and pathological conditions of the breast identified by mammography has been established. We present an analysis of the situation in the Soviet District of Minsk and in the Republic of Belarus during the pre-screening (2007—2011) and the screening (2012—2016) periods.