The review article provides information about the causes, prevalence, classification, prevention, and drug therapy of cognitive impairment.

Diagnose, prevention and therapy of cognitive deteriorations are urgent problems of modern medicine. Effective therapy for cognitive deteriorations can make patients and their relatives life easier, increase the life expectancy of people with cognitive disorders, and reduce the socio-economic burden on society.

Current recommendations aimed at preventing the development of cognitive disorders, based on adequate pharmacotherapy of the diseases and conditions that the patients are suffering from: arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, anemia, etc. Normalization of blood pressure is recognized as one of the most effective ways to prevent the development and progression of cognitive disorders in patients with arterial hypertension.

Insufficient efficacy or lack of clinically significant effect in drugs used to prevent cognitive decline in healthy elderly people, as well as for the treatment of mild cognitive disorders and dementia.