The features of the implementation of the principle of autonomy in the provision of medical care to a patient who is in the end-of-life situation are considered. This principle, which is a fundamental basis for the protection of human rights, acquires a specific context due to the features of the patient’s condition and his increased vulnerability due to the physical and moral suffering caused by an incurable disease. Therefore, the physician providing medical care must take this context into account, to know the scope of his duties, to understand what he has the right to do and what not. It is also important that the rules that should be applied in the process of making decisions on the provision of medical care to a patient who is in the end-of-life situation are meant not only to protect the rights of the patient, but also to facilitate the work of the physician, to protect his noble job from reproaches and complaints which are frequent in such cases.